Therefore, this developmental stage is crucial to kidney function, and animal studies have shown various factors can influence this stage, such as foetal nutrition. Factors affecting the normal progression of nephrogenesis during this “critical window” in foetal growth can change the structure of the kidney, the number of nephrons a person is born with and can potentially lead to For competitions carrying pBR322 or its derivatives bladders and kidneys have been also unfold onto ampicillin alterations in adult life kidney function. A number of studies have found a positive association between birth weight and eGFR, but others have found no association. However, the majority of these studies were conducted in children or young adults, and the oldest mean age for any of these studies was 49 years. The age at which these studies were conducted is important, as the effect of early life influences on kidney function may not become apparent until later in adult life. Further, little research has been done to investigate the impact of other early life influences in relation to adult kidney function such as socio-economic status and breastfeeding. Research into the associations between later life influences and kidney function have shown conflicting results for body mass index and smoking, and a positive association for current SES. The Newcastle Thousand Families birth cohort provided a unique opportunity to analyse longitudinal data and investigate the effects of both early and later life influences on kidney function at age 63�C64 years. The Newcastle Thousand Families study began as a prospective study of all 1142 children born in May and June 1947 to mothers resident in Newcastle upon Tyne, in northern England. The health, growth and development of the cohort were followed in great detail up to age 15 years. Throughout the first years of the children’s lives, all families were visited both on a routine and on an ad hoc basis by the study team, which consisted of health visitors and paediatricians. The cohort underwent a major follow-up at age 49�C51 years, and again at age 63�C64 years. In both follow-up waves, health and lifestyle questionnaires were sent out for completion and return and study members were invited to attend for clinical examination. The latest follow-up wave was conducted between 2010 and 2011, with 354 of the original 1142 participants returning for a clinical examination. There have been 183 known deaths in the cohort, including 2 from renal disease. Information on early life was recorded prospectively for all study members. Birth weights, as recorded by the midwife at the time of the child’s birth, were standardised for gestational age and sex. Socioeconomic status at birth was measured by paternal occupational social class at the time of the child’s birth. Housing conditions were assessed by the city’s Public Health Department near the time of the child’s birth, and scored for the presence of overcrowding, lack of hot water, toilets shared between households and dampness or poor repair. Duration of being breast fed was defined as the length of time a study member was at least partly breast fed.