Nonetheless, our results are certainly consistent with the overall theme that oral inflammatory levels are associated with glycemic control and potentially autoimmunity in T1D. The primary focus of this study was to measure and determine the association of salivary inflammation with glycemic control within T1D. Since glycemic control is an important component of T1D clinical management, but not for those without diabetes, we felt that this population was particularly relevant for this initial study. Previous literature has examined the gross comparison of salivary inflammation between diabetic and non-diabetic controls and therefore, we did not intend to repeat these examinations. While we are not able to perform a comparison with non-diabetic controls, we are able to demonstrate that salivary inflammatory markers are significantly associated with increasing HbA1c in a linear model, after adjustment for potential confounders. Another potential limitation of this study is absence of a clinical dental exam with recorded measurement of pocket depth and bleeding on probing. Unfortunately, we were unable to perform a clinical exam due to both economic and logistical reasons. However, the primary objective of this study was to measure and examine quantitative measures of salivary inflammation with glycemic status in a T1D cohort. Clinical measures of periodontitis and periodontal inflammation obtained from an examination is strictly a qualitative determination of the inflammatory response. For our analysis, clinical measurements would certainly have provided some utility but would not have provided the quantitative assessment needed for our objectives. Nonetheless, we still accounted for this via Abmole Dasatinib self-reported gingival condition. Measurement of inflammatory mediators in the saliva provides a more comprehensive analysis of oral inflammation. In addition, the inflammatory mediators utilized within this study that had the greatest association with increased HbA1c levels have all been previously documented to be increased and associated with decreased periodontal status. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that those individuals with elevated inflammatory burden also potentially had decreased periodontal health. Future studies are anticipated to include a comprehensive dental exam in combination with measurement of inflammatory burden and glycemic status. Salivary diagnostics has tremendous translational potential for numerous biological and technical reasons. The outstanding utility of the saliva for serving as a clinical focal point during routine dental examinations or physician visits and potentially enabling large investigational studies certainly warrants this effort. As compared to blood collection, salivary evaluation is relatively easy to obtain with high patient compliance and can be performed by minimally trained personnel with little post-collection processing.