ATL autolysin transcription regulator, and eprH, which encodes an endopeptidase resistance factor, were inhibited by 1.6- and 2.2- fold, respectively. All of these proteins have amino-terminal signal sequences, indicating that they are likely to be exported and/or targeted to the cell wall or membrane . In this study, isaA , sceD , ssaA , SA0620, SA2097 and SA2353 were significantly inhibited by MOL treatment,, but SA0710 was not significantly regulated by MOL. The NKA17 Akt inhibitor expression levels of sspA, scpA, scpB and htrA were decreased .2-fold, and those of sspB, sspC, and aur were decreased .1.5-fold. S. aureus V8 protease, the major serine protease in S. aureus, is encoded by sspA . A loss of serine protease function has been shown to result in a pleiotropic effect on the profile of secreted proteins, including autolytic activity and proteolytic maturation of the cysteine protease SspB . The decreased levels of sspA may also affect the processing of autolysins such as Atl, resulting in altered autolytic activity . The genes fmtA, fmtB, tagO, and sarV showed no significant changes in transcript levels, although these genes were recently described as positive regulators of autolysis . The cell division proteins ftsA, ftsZ, and scdA showed marginal changes in transcript levels. The transcript level of fmtC was decreased by 2.5-fold, but its impact on autolysis is ambiguous . Additionally, dltABCD transcript levels were upregulated by more than 2.5-fold in the strain treated with MOL. The complete absence of D-alanine esters in teichoic acids was reported to 162359-56-0 simultaneously increase the rate of autolysis. Previous transcriptional profiling revealed decreased transcription of the teichoic acid gene tagB, and this finding was suggested to be responsible for the reduced whole-cell autolysis that was observed previously . The reduced autolysis phenotype observed in vancomycinresistant JH9 isolates has been attributed to changes in cell wall teichoic acids . The dlt operon of Gram-positive bacteria consists of four genes that catalyze the D-alanyl esterification of glycerolphosphate and ribitol phosphate teichoic acids; the D-alanyl esterification of teichoic acids plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions of S. aureus . It was shown that dltABCD transcript levels were consistently reduced by about 2-fold in a teicoplanin-resistant strain compared to a teicoplanin-susceptible strain . We compared the expression of 106 genes involved in biofilms in our microarray with the previously reported results from biofilm cultures . The expression levels of 12 genes were significantly induced, but the values of induction were significantly lower than those reported for bacteria grown in biofilms.