However, future prospective studies are needed to determine its accuracy and efficiency on predicting the prognosis of patients with glioma in order to tailor treatment. The mechanism lie behind this association might be diverse. In human glioma, MMPs stimulated by glioma cell EMMPRIN may be one of these mechanisms. MMPs can enhance tumor cell invasion by degrading extracellular matrix proteins, activating signal transduction cascades that promote motility and solubilizing extracellular matrix-bound growth factors in various human malignancies including glioma. Consequently, EMMPRIN may induce tumor invasion and metastasis by activating the production of MMPs through modulating cell�Csubstrate and adhesion processes. It has been demonstrated that silencing CD147 by RNA interference approach could inhibit tumor progression in murine lymphoid neoplasm and pancreatic cancer. Moreover, it is proved that EMMPRIN can regulate malignant cell proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent growth, and cell survival via the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases. It is also indicated that down-regulation of EMMPRIN by RNA interference could result in decreased X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis expression and an anti-tumor effect through enhancing the susceptibility of cancer cells to apoptosis. And a recent study has also shown that EMMPRIN has the ability to enhance tumor angiogenesis via its regulation on the expression of vascular endothelial growth receptor. Moreover, MMPs stimulated by EMMPRIN can even regulate tumor cell behavior through a large variety of other signaling molecules. Our study proved that EMMPRIN expression is related to glioma WHO grade, KPS score and overall survival of patients. EMMPRIN was also proved to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with glioma, which supported the notion it may be a molecule involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. It is a progressive pathological process and a common pathological change in chronic liver diseases. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenic factor for many liver diseases, which can cause hepatocyte damage through lipid peroxidation and protein alkylation. Superoxide dismutase and catalase are important antioxidant enzymes that function as endogenous free radical scavengers. Recently, metallothionein was identified as a more efficient scavenger for reactive oxygen species. There are two major isoforms of MT, Mt-1 and Mt-2, which are ubiquitously distributed in almost all tissues. Interestingly, MT was shown to be able to enhance SOD activity in vitro. Cardiac overexpression of MT has been shown to effectively attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppression of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. Currently, there are no effective drugs available to prevent or treat liver fibrosis, and some natural substances with antioxidant properties are under investigation for developing new therapeutic reagents. Blueberries are perennial flowering plants belonging to Vaccinium spp. of the family Ericaceae. In recent years, Human Nutrition Research Center of the United States has carried out a series of studies, demonstrating that blueberry contains a high level of anthocyanins and appears to have the highest antioxidant capacity among fruits and vegetables. Blueberry and probiotics were shown to have protective effects on acute liver injury induced by d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide.

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