Similar significant associations were observed in our previous studies of Chinese non-smoking females. Experimental studies have presented that fumes from cooking oils could be genotoxic because of the potential carcinogenic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzo pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide,J104129 fumarate which involved in inducing DNA adducts and thus made a predisposition to lung adenocarcinoma. Besides the method of cooking and throat or eyes irritation, the interviewers also asked each woman the information on cooking oil fumes exposure such as the types of cooking oils she used, the frequency she used stir frying or deep frying to prepare food, ventilation conditions and the use of a fume extractor. Increasing epidemiological studies have reported cooking method and types of cooking oils on lung cancer susceptibility among Chinese females. Seow et al. found that women who reported that they stir fried daily had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer and risk was enhanced for those who stir fried meat daily. The elevated lung cancer risk might be attributed to heterocyclic amines generated during frying of meats. In addition, the frequency of stir frying seemed to be related with lung cancer susceptibility. Gao et al. investigated the association between the frequency of stir frying and lung cancer risk in Chinese females, they observed that stir frying more than 30 dishes per week was NSC57969 associated with high risk of lung cancer. In a case-control study in northeast China, Wu-Williams et al. found that women who deep fried twice per month had a 2.1-fold increased risk of developing lung cancer than those who never used deep frying method. And there was a significant trend in risk with increasing number of meals cooked by deep frying. Also this kind of correlation was found in both non-smokers and lung adenocarcinoma population. For types of cooking oils, Zhong et al. reported that soybean oil was most commonly used in Shanghai and the use of rapeseed oil was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer. In this study, we observed that ATM rs189037 AA genotype carriers were more susceptible to lung adenocarcinoma than GA or GG genotype carriers in a recessive model.