A similar result has been observed in another study, which demonstrated an elevated serum CRP in PD and ischemic cerebrovascular disease compared to control subjects. It has been documented that the plasma concentration of Hcy is elevated in PD patients,RL648_81 and this increase is associated with the long-term effects of chronic or acute administration of L-dopa. Investigations on the association of Hcy with PD dementia have shown conflicting results ; some studies did not observe a direct relationship between Hcy plasma levels and cognitive impairment and dementia in PD, while others found a significant correlation of hyperhomocysteinemia with the presence of dementia in PD. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been performed to investigate the combined effects of Hcy and CRP in PD and VP. PD patients are characterized by typical motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, as well as non motor symptoms, which are also highly prevalent. Patients normally show an increasing severity of NMS as the disease develops, although some of the NMS,A-971432 such as depression and impaired cognition, may occur in the premotor stage of this disease. Whether the severity and progression of PD and VP, as measured by MS and NMS, could be evaluated by the combination of Hcy and CRP is an interesting topic. We undertook this study to determine whether plasma Hcy and CRP levels in patients with PD and VP are associated with the development of the diseases and their cognitive dysfunctions. The primary aim of this study was to use different clinical parameters to compare PD and VP and to describe the correlation between the symptom scores and plasma Hcy and CRP levels in patients with PD and VP. An additional aim was to assess whether Hcy and CRP in PD and VP are associated with poor motor function and L-dopa dosage. A third aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory analysis to identify the association of NMSS domains and plasma Hcy/CRP levels. State Examination score lower than the median value determined in a reference population-based sample of corresponding age and education ; and individuals who refused to participate in the study.