The systemic administration of fC-MSC attenuated post-infarction LV remodeling, as indicated by a significant improvement in heart function. The functional improvement observed with fC-MSC therapy was comparable with those observed with BMSC, and Hyp9 cardiac stem cells, indicating that fC-MSC to be a potential novel cell types for cardiac repair. A recent study has shown adult heart cardiac stem cells expressing c-kit have an enhanced cardiopoietic potential compared to bone marrow-derived MSCs. The same group has recently shown that co-transplantation of MSCs with CSCs reduces scar size and improves heart function post-MI, suggesting that combination therapy represent an effective and robust cell therapeutic strategy. However, further studies to compare the therapeutic efficacy of C-MSC with other cell types are warranted to establish the superiority of fC-MSC over other cell types. The initial tracking of the administered fC-MSC labeled with Tc99m revealed cells migration to the infarcted myocardium. Similar to our findings Barbash et al demonstrated cell migration to the heart in the first hours of systemic administration of MSC labeled with Tc99m in an open chest MI induced rat model. Because of short half-life of radionuclide Tc99m used for labeling of fC-MSC, the fC-MSC can only be tracked up to 6 hours following their injection. To determine homing and retention of administered fC-MSC during follow up period, the cells were labeled with florescence dye, PKH-26. The preferential homing and retention of fC-MSC in the ischemic area of the myocardium might have contributed to efficient healing of the infracted heart. Although the underlying mechanisms Gemfibrozil remain unclear, ischemic tissue may express specific receptors or ligands to facilitate trafficking, adhesion, and infiltration of fC-MSC to ischemic sites. In the present study, some of engrafted fC-MSC expressed Troponin T, CD31 and sm-MHC, suggesting the potential of fCMSC to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. fC-MSC represent a more primitive progenitor cell population than adult tissue-derived MSC and thus have the differentiation capability along cardiomyogenic lineages. These findings suggest that fC-MSC improved LV functions likely by increasing the local perfusion and also by myocardial regeneration.