For example, they may cause DNA damage, adduct formation, DNA hypermethylation in kidney cells of Carassius auratus, and synchronous teratogenic effects on Cyprinus carpio. To date, most previous research has focused on the toxicity and relative mechanist effects for SB 200646 hydrochloride single DKA compound ; few studies have addressed exposure to mixtures of DKA compounds. In real-world environments, the joint action of different pollutants may be very complex. For example, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid showed interactive effects ranging from additive to synergistic and Melvin and coworkers demonstrated increased toxicity in striped marsh frog tadpoles exposed to a mixture of naproxen, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole, compared to exposures to the individual compounds. Hundreds of DKAs are often detected simultaneously in the environment and thus it is necessary to study the chronic toxicological effects of mixed DKA exposure in order to determine their integrated ecological risk. Based on previous work with biomarkers, morphological development, and biological behavior of zebrafish under mixed DKA stress, we selected representative DKA species forexposure to zebrafish at the mg/L level, and analyzed zebrafish protein expression using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS techniques. Additionally, the qRT-PCR technique was used to validate consistency of the 26 target genes between transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, the chronic toxicological molecular mechanisms associated with DKA exposure to zebrafish were determined based on: proteomic TP 003 analyses; behavior activities; enzymatic activity indices; and histopathological analysis of cardiac tissue. These results provide the foundation for establishing a systematic toxicology model, showing their ecological risk, and diagnosing and treating the source of disease. DKAs are detected in many environmental matrices where they create a ����pseudo-persistent���� phenomenon due to their large dosages and frequent application. Although trace level DKA exposure does not cause direct and acute effects, long-term exposure in aquatic ecosystem leads to chronic toxicological effects on aquatic organism and human health. The presence of many DKAs coexisting in the environment poses an especially large threat to organisms throughout the environment.