The improved clustering of samples in Fig. 10 relative to Fig. 9 reflects a selection of biomarkers that can distinguish these individual samples. Thus, although this study does not directly illustrate the potential of these proteins as biomarkers for neurological diseases, it does suggest that this technique could perform such a task, when applied to CSF samples from appropriate cohorts. For the last 2 decades, early detection and screening of PCa has been mainly based on the detection of prostate specific antigen in serum in addition to digital rectal examination, and histological assessment of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy material. Although most of the cases are Tulathromycin B detected at an early stage, the disease is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from indolent asymptomatic disease to very aggressive metastatic and life threatening forms of the disease. Over 7% of the cases detected eventually Orbifloxacin develop distant metastatic disease. The prognosis for these men is poor and they have an average survival of 24 to 48 months. The most critical clinical challenge for PCa disease management is to determine which of these two diverse forms of the disease a patient develops. The most common site for PCa metastasis is the bone;,90% of patients with advanced PCa have skeletal metastasis. Bone metastasized PCa is virtually incurable and is associated with severe morbidity before death, these include bone pain, pathological fractures, nerve compression syndromes, and hypercalcemia. Currently, the available treatment options for patients with metastatic disease are palliative. The prognosis/diagnosis of bone metastatic lesions is currently determined by imaging using isotope bone scanning, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging scan, or bone biopsy. The identification of prostate biopsy or serum based biomarker for predicting the susceptibility of men to develop metastasis will potentially better discriminate the more aggressive metastatic forms of the disease and thus provide better treatment and clinical management opportunities for the disease. Over the years the utility of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer has been controversial with respect to its inability to distinguish indolent from aggressive forms of the disease. PSA is also associated with high rates of false-positive and falsenegative test results, as levels may be elevated in non-cancer conditions of the prostate, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. Recently the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended against PSA-based screening for PCa in all age groups stating that the benefits do not outweigh the harms of screening and treatment. This inability to accurately predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer based solely on standard clinicopathologic features clearly underscores the need to explore the ability of tumor-based biomarkers to enhance outcome prediction at biopsy and to understand the molecular basis of prostate cancer metastasis. Therefore, additional biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the diagnostic specificity of PSA and predict the potential of disease progression. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer metastasis, it is crucial to identify the markers that are associated with metastases. Proteomics has proved to be a useful and successful approach in screening tumor and metastases related protein markers. There are several proteomics technologies that have been applied in screening and identifying potential cancer markers. The ��isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation�� platform has the advantages of being relatively high throughput and it can be multiplexed to provide information on peptide/protein quantitation and identification, as reported in previous studies.